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直流电流凝固制备镍基单晶高温合金的研究
其他题名preparing of nicle-based single crystal superalloy by dc electric current
冯小辉
学位类型博士
导师杨院生
2007-06-07
学位授予单位中国科学院金属研究所
学位授予地点金属研究所
学位专业材料加工工程
关键词直流电流 单晶高温合金 微观偏析 组织模拟 Γ'相析出
摘要在一种镍基单晶高温合金定向凝固过程中施加直流电流,考察了电流对凝固组织、成分偏析和力学性能的影响,并对电流下定向凝固温度场、凝固组织以及沉淀相析出动力学过程进行了数值计算和模拟。 直流电流凝固制备的单晶高温合金一次枝晶间距减小;枝晶间γ'相尺寸减小;共晶组织和亚晶界含量变少;合金元素微观偏析减轻;铸态下室温屈服强度和高温持久性能显著提高,热处理后的室温拉伸、高温拉伸及高温持久性能均有所提高。 熔体中离子电迁移能力不仅与价电子数等因素有关,还与离子质量相关,可用wt/Z*作为电迁移能力的评价参数。当电迁移方向与元素化学势扩散方向相反时,可减轻微观偏析。 建立了电流作用下枝晶生长的CA-FD模型。模拟结果表明,焦耳热和电迁移均能减缓枝晶生长。直流电流作用下产生的电磁力引起熔体流动,可导致枝晶生长速度加快; 建立了电流作用下沉淀相析出动力学相场模型,模拟了合金成分、错配度和电流作用条件下γ'相析出形貌及其演化。在析出初期,受界面能控制沉淀相呈球形;随着析出时间延长,γ'相受弹性能控制呈立方型;电流作用使γ'相颗粒长大速度加快,体积分数增大,形貌相对不规则。沉淀相的粗化速率随其与基体之间的错配度增大而减慢。
其他摘要The effects of a DC current on the solidified microstructure, segregation and mechanical property of a single crystal superalloy are inverstigated experimentally in this thesis. the calculation for temperature profile of the directional solidification under the DC current, the CAFD simulation for the microstructure and segregation, and a phase current model for the precipitation are presented respectively. The experiment shows that with the increase of current, the microsegregation decreases and the dendrite arm spacing is reduced, the size of γ'phase at interdendritic region reduces remarkably, the volume of γ/γ'eutectic decrease. The subgrains reduce and their breath decrease. The eletromigration of the ions depends on not only their valency but also their atomic weight, which can be evaluated by the parameter Wt/Z*. When the direction of eletromigration is opposite with the diffusion caused by the chemical potential, the microsegregation of the alloying elements decreases. The yield strength of the sample solidified with the DC current is notably improved and the ductility is reduced at room temperature, but both the rupture life and the ductility at high temperature are remarkably raised. The DC current can also improve the mechanical behavior of the single crystal superalloy even after heat-treatment. A CAFD model is developed to describe the dentrite growth with the DC current, The simulation results indicate that the Lorenz force caused by the DC current and the induced magnetic field can drive the melt to flow, which accelerates the dendrite growth. But the electromagnetic flow usually can be ignored in the solidification with the DC current. Both the Joule heat and the eletromigration can delay the dentrite growth. The morphology of the γ'phase tends to be spherical to reduce the interfacial energy at early stage of the process when the particles are small. With the average size increase, the γ'phase changes to cubical under the increscent coherent elastic energy. The rise of mismatch decelerates the precipitation process and reduces the volume fraction of the  phase; The simulation also proved that the growth law of R3 ~ t is practicable only when the volume fraction is very low. Both the growth rate and the volume fraction of γ'phase increase during the precipitation with DC current.
页数109
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.imr.ac.cn/handle/321006/16921
专题中国科学院金属研究所
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
冯小辉. 直流电流凝固制备镍基单晶高温合金的研究[D]. 金属研究所. 中国科学院金属研究所,2007.
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