IMR OpenIR
典型过流部件材料在模拟河水和海水中的动态腐蚀机理
其他题名Dynamic Corrosion Mechanism of Typical Flow-Handling Materials in Simulating Natural River and Sea Water
于宏
学位类型博士
导师姚治铭
2007-06-06
学位授予单位中国科学院金属研究所
学位授予地点金属研究所
学位专业材料学
关键词空蚀 冲刷腐蚀 河水 海水 海泥 电化学测试 过流部件 Tem
摘要本论文针对典型过流部件材料在河水和海水中的动态腐蚀现象,利用失重法,电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、极化曲线、线性极化等电化学测试技术以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表面分析方法,深入系统地研究了几种典型材料在模拟河水、海水介质中的动态腐蚀行为,为过流部件用材的选择和优化以及现役材料的防护提供了相关的理论依据。主要得出以下结论: 1、Q235在模拟我国三种河流水中的动态腐蚀行为 无论静态还是动态(包括空蚀及冲刷腐蚀)条件下,Q235碳钢在实验室配制的塔里木河中的腐蚀率都大于其在长江、黄河中的腐蚀率;在动态条件下,Q235碳钢在三种介质中的腐蚀失重较静态都有所增加,尤其是在塔里木河介质中增加量最大;三种介质中腐蚀与空蚀的交互作用之和(WEIC+WCIE)分别是:长江-40.3%、黄河-46%、塔里木河-72.4%,说明在总失重过程中,交互作用占较大的比重,而且它随着含盐量的增加而增大;腐蚀在交互作用中起着主要的作用。因此,河流中基础设施用金属材料的选择必须考虑到河流的腐蚀性差异,尤其在动态条件下,对于塔里木河这样强腐蚀性的河流,应选择能抵抗腐蚀与磨损交互作用的材料为宜。 2、3C碳钢和10CrMoAl低合金钢在模拟舟山海水中的冲刷腐蚀行为 3C碳钢和10CrMoAl低合金钢在模拟舟山海水(不含海泥)临界流速分别为3m/s和4m/s;在实验室使用旋转圆盘的冲刷腐蚀条件下,两种材料的失重随海泥浓度的增加而减小,若加入石英砂(38m),两种材料的失重都随石英砂浓度的增加而增大;腐蚀在两种材料的冲刷腐蚀过程中起了主要作用,力学磨损因素对材料的作用不明显,因此如何提高材料的抗腐蚀性能是延长舟山海域船只或设备中过流部件寿命的关键所在,而不是耐磨损性;在实验室研究超细颗粒(6.6m)对材料冲刷腐蚀的影响时,应特别注意旋转圆盘装置的适用性问题。 3、船用螺旋桨铜合金在模拟舟山海水中的空蚀行为 在模拟舟山海水溶液中,ZQMn12-8-3-2高锰铝青铜和ZQAl9-4-4-2镍铝青铜 的空蚀累计失重远远小于ZHMn55-3-1锰黄铜,而前两者却相差不大;空蚀加速了ZQMn12-8-3-2高锰铝青铜和ZHMn55-3-1锰黄铜的电化学反应过程,尤其对受氧扩散控制的阴极过程影响更为显著,使ZQMn12-8-3-2高锰铝青铜和ZHMn55- 3-1锰黄铜的自腐蚀电位发生了正移,腐蚀电流密度比静态增大一个数量级以上;ZQMn12-8-3-2高锰铝青铜空蚀微裂纹易于横向扩展而向深度方向受阻,试样表面均匀剥落,未出现大的海绵状的空蚀坑,而ZHMn55-3-1锰黄铜对空蚀破坏较敏感,材料表面脱落较严重,形成较大的肉眼可见的空蚀抗;在腐蚀与空蚀的交互作用中,ZQMn12-8-3-2高锰铝青铜的纯腐蚀分量百分比和纯磨损分量百分比均小于ZHMn55-3-1锰黄铜,但交互作用分量之和在总失重量中所占的比例却大于ZHMn55-3-1锰黄铜。 与静态相比,空蚀使ZQAl9-4-4-2镍铝青铜的电化学腐蚀速率增大了8倍, 并使其自腐蚀电位正移了约16mV;在腐蚀与空蚀的交互作用中,力学因素起了至关重要的作用,纯空蚀失重分量占总失重量57.3%,腐蚀因素作用相对较小;交互作用中由空蚀引起的腐蚀失重(WEIC)小于由腐蚀引起的空蚀失重(WCIE);微裂纹首先在/相界的相部分形成;与ZQMn12-8-3-2高锰铝青铜相似,ZQAl9-4-4-2镍铝青铜空蚀微裂纹亦易于横向扩展而向深度方向受阻,试样表面均匀剥落,未出现大的海绵状的空蚀坑;ZQAl9-4-4-2镍铝青铜中的第二相、晶界和空蚀过程中基体内形成的孪晶栅,均在空蚀过程中都起到了强化基体的作用,同时加工硬化过程也耗散了部分空蚀冲击能量,二者共同作用大大提高了ZQAl9-4-4-2镍铝青铜的抗空蚀性能。 较高的加工硬化能力和良好的耐蚀性是ZQMn12-8-3-2高锰铝青铜和ZQAl9-4-4-2镍铝青铜具有良好的抗空蚀性能的关键所在。 关键词:空蚀,冲刷腐蚀,河水,海水,海泥,电化学测试,过流部件,TEM
其他摘要Both in static and in dynamic conditions including cavitation erosion and erosion-corrosion, the corrosion rate of Q235 carbon steel in simulating Talimu River (TaR) was much greater than that in Yangtze (YaR) and Yellow River (YeR). Under dynamic conditions, the corrosion rate enhanced a lot, especially in TaR. It was confirmmed that the corrosion section played an important role in the synergistic effect under cavitation and erosion-corrosion conditions. The materials used in the aggressive rivers such as Talimu River under dynamic conditions must resist the synergistic effects between erosion and corrosion. It was found that the critical flow velocity for 3C carbon steel and 10CrMoAl low alloy steel is 3m/s and 4m/s, respectively, in 2.4% NaCl solution without sea mud. The weight loss rate of test materials decreased with the increasing sea mud content under erosion-corrosion condition in laboratory by using rotating disk rig. Corrosion plays a dominant role for material removal in sea mud containing solution under the erosion-corrosion condition . It should be very careful if the rotating disk rig is suit to do the erosion-corrosion experiment with very fine sea mud (6.6m). The results showed that in the simulate Zhoushan seawater, the cumulative mass losses and mass loss rates of the ZQAl9-4-4-2 nickel-aluminum bronze and ZQMn12-8-3-2 manganese-aluminum bronze were much less than those for ZHMn55-3-1 manganese brass after cavitaton for 6h. The corrosion current density under cavitation condition was larger about one magnitude than that under quiescent condition for the two materials respectively. Under the cavitation condition, the cracks propagation of ZQMn12-8-3-2 manganese-aluminum bronze is easy to be parallel to the surface and hindered in the vertical direction to the cavitation surface. The eroded surface damages of ZHMn55-3-1 manganese brass were more seriously than ZQMn12-8-3-2 manganese-aluminum bronze and completely presented the typically spongy cavitation appearance after cavitation for 6h. The corrosion rate for ZQAl9-4-4-2 nickel-aluminum bronze was increase with 8 times under cavitation condition compared to that under quiescent condition. In the synthetic effect under cavitation condition, the pure erosion (WE) section plays a key role --57.3% . The fragment was equably removed from the eroded surface and it was not found the obviously deep and large cater or cavities. The matrix of ZQAl9-4-4-2 nickel-aluminum bronze was strength by the second phases, boundaries and the twin grids under cavitation condition. Keywords: Cavitation, Erosion-Corrosion, river, sea water, sea mud, electrochemical test, Flow-handling, TEM
页数134
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.imr.ac.cn/handle/321006/16902
专题中国科学院金属研究所
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
于宏. 典型过流部件材料在模拟河水和海水中的动态腐蚀机理[D]. 金属研究所. 中国科学院金属研究所,2007.
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